What is Root Cause Analysis (RCA) and which two common methods are used in AMQS?

• A. RCA identifies underlying causes of nonconformities; common methods include 5 Whys and Ishikawa (Fishbone) diagrams.
• B. To schedule maintenance.
• C. RCA stands for Randomized Correct Action.
• D. RCA is optional in AMQS.

Answer: (A)

Root Cause Analysis is a structured way to uncover the underlying reasons behind a nonconformity, so the actions taken actually prevent recurrence rather than just addressing the symptom. In AMQS, two widely used methods are the 5 Whys and Ishikawa (Fishbone) diagrams.

The 5 Whys approach digs deeper by repeatedly asking “why” a problem occurred, moving from the surface issue toward the fundamental cause. It’s quick and effective for simpler, well-defined problems. The Ishikawa diagram, on the other hand, visually organizes possible causes into categories such as People, Process, Equipment, Materials, Environment, and Management, helping teams see how different factors interrelate and where to focus corrective actions.

These tools support accurate root-cause identification and targeted corrective actions. The other options don’t fit because scheduling maintenance is a planning activity, not a root-cause investigation; “Randomized Correct Action” isn’t a recognized RCA method; and RCA is not optional in AMQS—it’s a core part of resolving nonconformities and preventing recurrence.